{"id":5991,"date":"2023-08-01T14:40:07","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T12:40:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipe-evaluation.de\/?p=5991"},"modified":"2025-10-28T14:23:32","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T13:23:32","slug":"the-affects-of-vat-reform-on-plant-milk-alternatives-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipe-evaluation.de\/en\/the-affects-of-vat-reform-on-plant-milk-alternatives-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The impact of VAT reform on plant-based milk alternatives"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5991\" class=\"elementor elementor-5991\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d140e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d140e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f10a56c\" data-id=\"f10a56c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50fd1db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50fd1db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h2>Study on the effect of a VAT reduction on milk and milk substitute products from 19% to 7% on consumption, tax revenues and climate<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The German government has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural sector by 5.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents, or about 8 percent, between 2021 and 2030.  The Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture sees animal husbandry as a decisive lever in this regard. In parallel, more and more people have been replacing cow's milk in their diet with substitute products made from oats, soy or other plants in recent years. Against this background, there are many calls from politics and society to reduce VAT on plant-based milk alternatives in Germany, including from the Federal Environment Agency.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, the effects of such a reform have not been sufficiently quantified so far. This study therefore examines the impact of a reduction in VAT on plant-based milk alternatives from 19 per cent to 7 per cent on consumption, the climate and tax revenues.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5101d1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5101d1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h3>Methodological approach<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To evaluate the effect of the VAT reform we use our tax and consumption model. In a first step, using price elasticities, we calculate how a VAT cut would change consumption behaviour. In a second step, we then calculate how this change would affect tax revenues, greenhouse gas emissions, land use and water consumption. For comparison, a business-as-usual scenario is used, which forecasts market development without tax reform based on the current market trends of recent years. Finally, a comparison of these two scenarios shows the effect of a VAT reform.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc0b2c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc0b2c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51daa66\" data-id=\"51daa66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7abd6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7abd6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>The most important facts in brief<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"ul headline-list\">\n<li>While a VAT reform on plant-based dairy alternatives would lead to a decrease in tax revenues, it would also reduce future climate impact costs.<\/li>\n<li>Thus, the decrease in tax revenues in one year would amount to about 40 million euros.<\/li>\n<li>The reduction in future climate-related costs due to reduced CO2 emissions of around 62.4 million euros, on the other hand, would exceed these. These costs can arise from emitted CO2 and the associated damage, for example from extreme weather conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, the reform seems to be efficient from an economic point of view.<\/li>\n<li>Furthermore, water and land consumption would also be significantly reduced, with a decrease of 72 billion l and 1.1 billion m\u00b2 respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Study on the effect of a VAT reduction on milk and milk substitute products from 19% to 7% on consumption, tax revenues and climate<\/p>","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":5957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Die Auswirkungen einer Mehrwert&shy;steuerreform auf pflanzliche Milchalternativen - IPE Evaluation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Studie zum Effekt einer Mehrwertsteuersenkung auf Milch- und Milchersatzprodukte von 19% auf 7% auf Konsum, Steuereinnahmen und Klima Die Auswirkungen einer Mehrwert&shy;steuerreform auf pflanzliche Milchalternativen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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